As mosquito surveillance pools across the state continue to show positive West Nile Virus (WNV) activity, the Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) is urging residents to take preventive measures.

“WNV spreads through the bite of an infected mosquito,” explained Jolianne Stone, State Epidemiologist. “In Oklahoma, the Culex mosquito, which thrives on infected birds, is the primary vector transmitting the virus to humans, horses, and other mammals.”

During mid- to late summer, when temperatures rise and dry weather persists, the Culex mosquito population typically peaks, increasing the risk of WNV transmission. With more people engaging in outdoor activities during this time, the likelihood of encountering infected mosquitoes rises.

“To reduce the risk of WNV infection, we advise the public to take precautions,” Stone emphasized. OSDH recommends:

• Using insect repellent: Apply products containing DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin and clothing, especially during dusk and dawn.

• Securing homes: Repair or install screens on windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from entering.

• Eliminating standing water: Empty containers like buckets, cans, and flower pots where mosquitoes breed. Regularly clean and refill pet water bowls and bird baths.

• Maintaining gutters: Clean debris to prevent clogging, which can create breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

While most WNV infections are asymptomatic, those who do experience symptoms may suffer from mild conditions such as fever, headaches, and body pains, with recovery typically within three weeks. However, individuals over 50, diabetics, and those with uncontrolled hypertension face a higher risk of severe neurologic disease, which can lead to symptoms like confusion, paralysis, and coma.

“There is no specific vaccine or treatment for WNV,” Stone noted. “Prevention through mosquito bite avoidance remains our best defense.”

For further information on current WNV activity and prevention tips, visit the CDC’s West Nile Virus page for 2024 data.

The Oklahoma State Department of Health oversees public health initiatives statewide, supporting 68 county health departments and offering guidance to city-county health departments in Oklahoma City and Tulsa. For more details, visit Oklahoma.gov/health.